kingdom+protista

PROTISTA – “The Reject Group” ** WARNING!: **A definition for each of the highlighted words (in blue) is provided for you at the bottom of the page.  media type="youtube" key="wxVexiaeWvY&hl=en" height="344" width="425"  **Protista is one of 4 Kingdoms, which belong to the Eukarya Domain, within the classification hierarchy of living organisms.
 * What is Protista?

**Characteristics of Protista: **
·  **Heterogeneous **, autotrophic or heterotrophic unicellular organisms; eukaryotes ·  Diverse; more than one line of evolution, and, therefore are likely to change in future, as biologists continue to discover new organisms and relationships ·  Mostly single-celled (**eg.** desmids, commonly found in ponds), however some are multi-cellular (**eg.** seaweed) ·  All need a water-based environment ·  All are aerobic, meaning they have mitochondria for cellular respiration; some also have chloroplasts, hence undergo photosynthesis ·  Major component of plankton (bottom of the ocean) ·  Most reproduce / grow by mitosis; some by meiosis and fertilization ·  The way which Protists obtain their food is irrelevant, but they are important components of food chains, ** eg.** Kelp Beds are involved in most productive ecosystems on Earth.

|| e.g. Malaria, giardiasis.// ||
 * > [[image:Butterfly.JPG]] **Odd Spot #1**
 * > //Most Protists are free living, but some are important parasites that cause disease(s).

**<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">Sexual reproduction is involved: o  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">Isogamy – ** motile ** gametes are the same size o  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">Anisogamy – motile gametes with female gamete larger than male gamete o  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">Oogamy – large non-motile female gamete with smaller motile male gamete
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #00b050; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Reproduction:

|| causing abdominal cramps and diarrhea// || <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
 * > [[image:Butterfly.JPG]] **Odd Spot #2**
 * > //Giardia = a parasite that can live in the intestines of humans and animals,

**<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #00b050; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">The different types: **<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Protista is grouped into 3 basic divisions, in order to help define and determine the differences between the various organisms included in this kingdom. All inhabit fresh water, and lack specialized features: **<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi"> 1. **<span style="Z-INDEX: 251660288; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px auto auto 174px; WIDTH: 25px; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 79px; mso-ignore: vglayout"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">Plant-like
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi"> 2.  **<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">Fungi-like
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi"> 3.  **<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">Animal-like

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi"> media type="youtube" key="SCfg3sywC7k&hl=en" height="344" width="425"

**<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #00b050; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">How to group/classify Protista organisms? **<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">Kingdom Protista is grouped by the way which the organisms obtain their nutrition. This includes a number of organisms that were previously classified as plants, animals and fungi, and is represented as such:
 * = ** PROTOZOA ** ||= ** ALGAE ** ||= ** FUNGUS-LIKE ** ||
 * < Animal-like ||< Plant-Like ||< Fungus-Like ||
 * < Typical prey = bacteria and one-celled organisms ||< Photosynthetic ||< Ingest Bacteria ||
 * < Single-celled organisms ||< Contain Variety of ** carotenoids ** and other pigments ||< Organisms: "slime moulds" ||
 * = -- ||= --- ||< Body- unusual b/c nuclei undergo mitosis but there is no ** cytokinesis ** - it is a giant mass of cytoplasm ||

** ·   ** Heterogeneous ** ­ – consisting of parts originating outside body with another individual or species ·  ** Motile ** – capable of movement ·  ** Carotenoids ** – orange, yellow or red plant pigment ·  ** Cytokinesis ** – a process at the end of mitosis; individual cells contain only one nucleus each
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #00b050; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-style: italic">GLOSSARY:

|| - They can grow up to 60m long in Californian water and 10m long off coast of Tasmania. .// ||
 * > [[image:Butterfly.JPG]] **Odd Spot #3**
 * > // Kelps (brown algae) are the largest Genus (Macrocystis)