biol+4+faq+(nsfaq)+aos2

If you have any questions or are uncertain about anything to do with the course, then this is the place to get help. I will try and respond to your query as soon as possible, although I strongly encourage you all to try and answer the questions first.

For a question type in **#750a56 ** to change to **dark magenta** For an answer type in **#17066a** to change to dark purple Or choose any colour combination you wish. Please use this page for area of study two queries. A link for area of study one is below. biol 4 faq (nsfaq) aos1

**Hi vm. Can you please put the section 4 notes up on the intranet. **

//A. Done! VM //


 * Q. hey Voj, where are the words that we had to do for h/w, i cant find them? **

//A. Do you mean your word? If so, i don't know what it was, I assume you know your word. If you are referring to where you put the work, then on the home page under year 12 it gives you a link to the terminology analysis pages. VM //


 * Q. what does a polypoid event mean, is it when the populations are isolated from each other and then natural selection, mutations... effect them differently so they become two seperate species? :) **

//A. I won't answer this yet as we will be covering this in wednesday's lesson. After that lesson, I will expect you to write an answer here and then I will comment on it. OK? VM //


 * Q. Okay...just to clarify. If we are asked to define natural selection, how should we structure the response? There is a lot there that is kind of important to mention (I was going to add a definition to the glossary now but I literally had written a paragraph in my notes for myself to define it!) Do you just expect us to address the four main points, or is there a way to condense it? Especially if we were only given, let's say, two lines to give an answer (hypothetically!) :-P **

//<span style="COLOR: rgb(19,22,241)">A. There is no short version, I think, for defining natural selection. It really comes down to the way the question is asked. If you are asked to explain why the population changes, or the the reason for the change in the frequency of a particular allele/phenotype, then you need to be able to contextualise those four main points we have dicussed. If you want a short definition have a look at what the textbook says, or check other resources. One version might be "it is a process by which evolutionary change occurs".This obviously doesn't say much about the actual process. VM //

<span style="COLOR: rgb(117,10,86)">**Q. This is from the worksheet you gave us on friday-i forgot to ask about it in class today. Question 2.3 part C where we were required to complete the graph and explain the reason for the answer..i had alot of trouble answering this. And also, are you able to print a copy of the two slideshows you have shown us in the last few lessons for me?? i would appreciate it this much -! thankssss lm.**

//<span style="COLOR: rgb(19,22,241)">A. First of all it really helps me if you can actually give me the name of the sheet, as you would know I give you all plenty to do. Ok now to the question. Hopefully you realised this is an example of evolution that is driven by natural selection. The presence of a "drug environment" has led to those parasites that are resistant to the drugs surviving thus their frequency in the population has increased. If the "drug environment" is removed (because travellers no longer take drugs) what will happen? well there is no more selection for the drug resistant parasites so there frequency should now at the very least remain constant (ie straight horizontal line). There is an alternative answer and that is that the % resistant would begin to decrease (straight line that goes downwards), if being resistant is an actual disadvantage in a "drug-free environment". Let me know if you need more clarification on this. VM //

<span style="COLOR: rgb(117,10,86)">**Q. I'm a bit unsure about the difference between allopatric speciation and divergent evolution. I sort of understand, but I think if I was asked to explicitly state the difference I wouldn't be able to.**

//<span style="COLOR: rgb(19,22,241)">A. Ok, terminology sometimes is used in a variety of ways by different people. In my view divergent evolution is a general term that describes the divergence of a species into two or more different species and therefore a means for describing evolutionary relationships between different organisms. Allopatric speciation actually refers to how the speciation occurs. In this case through the process of geographical isolation and subsequent events. VM //


 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(117,10,86)">Q. I'm really confused about the whole nondisjunction and polyploidy stuff. I understand the reasons why an organism is infertile is because of the chromosomes not being in homologous pairs, but I don't know exactly how nondisjunction "fixes" this. **

<span style="COLOR: rgb(19,22,241)">//A. I think you may have confused the term "non-disjunction". Non-disjunction during meiosis can result in polyploidy. It is the cause of the "problem" and is not the way it is fixed. But if you are referring to the problem of infertility in a hybrid, then yes non-disjunction (in some organisms-mainly plants) can lead to the formation of cell that ends up effectively with homologous pairs. So, in a sterile hybrid with 16 chromsomes (10 from one parent 6 from another) there are now 32 (due to non-disjunction) but the 32 is made up of 16 pairs because the sister chromatids did not separate from each other during cell division. It is difficult to explain this in words and perhaps a diagram is what is needed. VM//

A. Yep, because sister chromatids are identical and therefore they can be considered to be homologous chromosomes if they end up in the same cell after division. VM
 * Q. Ok, so..do the sister chromatids effectively become homologous pairs? I'm still kinda confused. I'll try to go over this with you in class (or whenever). AP **


 * Q. Can you please put up the last 2 sections of notes ? :) And also those brilliant diagrams we had to label on camp. thankyou! **

// A. I had already put the course notes in the classroom stuff page (files are too big to put on our intranet). In addition I had to break them up anyway to load on wiki. If you want complete files bring a USB to school and I'll download them for you. You will find the labelled diagrams in classroom stuuf page as well, I have also put them on the intranet. By the way I have already printed them out for you guys in colour, so its up to you if you want to print them as well. VM //