EJ+immune+response+SAC

Set up this page however you wish to show the progress of your research and development of your presentation on an aspect of the immune response.

   **__VACCINATION__** is the administration of antigenic material (the Vaccine) producing immunity. It involves avoiding the harm usually caused as a result of infection by a pathogen while still initiating an immune response to it.. The material administrated can either be live, but weakened forms of pathogens such as bacteria or viruses, killed or inactivated forms of these pathogens, or purified material such as proteins so as to avoid causing harm.  **__VACCINATIONS WORK BY__** enabling protection against potentially fatal diseases by preparing your immune system to fight a particular disease causing it to go through an immune resonce. The fact that specific memory cells are produced during an immunse response is taken advantade of, as the immune system is able 'remember' particular pathogens prior to initial infection. This would ideally result in a second exposure to that pathogen being delt with almost immediately by the body as it is recognised.

__**VACCINATION GIVES US IMMUNITY**__ without us having to experience the disease or its symptoms.This is because the actual vaccination does not contain harmful particles and any future exposure to the pathogen would be delt with almost immediatly- before symptoms were unearthed.  __**VACCINES CONTAIN**__ a killed or weakened form of the organism that causes a particular disease. The organism in the vaccine has been altered so that it won't make you ill, the part of the organism that stimulates your immune system to respond (the antigen) is still present. **__FOLLOWING VACCINATION__**, some of the cells responsible for protecting you against disease, in particular B lymphocytes, detect the antigens in the vaccine. They react as if the real infectious organism has invaded the body, multiplying to form an army of identical cells that are able to respond to the antigens in the vaccine. The cloned cells then evolve into one of two types of cells: plasma cells and B-memory cells. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The plasma cells are responsible for producing antibodies, that have a specific function of attaching to pathogenic antigens, inactivating the organism you are being vaccinated against. This response from your immune system, generated by the B lymphocytes, is known as the primary response. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> The memory B cells keep a memory of the organism that you were vaccinated against. If you are ever exposed to that organism, the dormant memory cells will recognise it straight away, and rapidly start multiplying and developing into plasma cells. Because the plasma cells have already been trained to produce antibodies against the organism, they are able to produce a large number of antibodies very quickly. The antibodies attach to the invading organisms and prevent them from attacking your healthy cells. And because the antibodies are produced so quickly, they are able to fight the disease before you even get sick. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">This accelerated and more intense immune response generated by the memory B cells is known as the secondary response. It is faster and more effective because all the preparations for the attack were made when you were vaccinated. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> While vaccines can sometimes cause a mild reaction (such as a slight fever or soreness at the injection site), there are usually no extreme events associated with immunisation. HI VOJ, ILL ORGANISE MY INFORMATION BETTER AND PUT IT INTO MORE SUCCINT DOT POINTS THIS IS JUST A GENERAL GATHERING

ALSO I WILL BE GETTING MORE SPECIFIC INFO ON HPV VACCINATION

THANKYOU

discuss example of HPV virus in breif to explain vaccination in practical terms it took me a while to find adequate information explaining the vaccination in biological terms but eventually i visited the national cancer institute website... http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/hpv-vaccines

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 160%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">HPV IMMUNISATION The vaccine works by preventing infection with some types of human papilloma virus (HPV). Gardasil is a recombinant vaccine (contains no live virus) that is given as three injections over a six-month period.Immunization with Gardasil is expected to prevent most cases of cervical cancer due to HPV types included in the vaccine, however, does not protect against less common HPV types not included in the vaccine HPV (human papillomavirus) is a sexually transmitted virus therefore it cannot be treated via use of antibiotics and must rely on the immune system to carry out majority of the response to deal with the infection. The vaccination aids in the sucessfulness of this response. The vaccine, called Gardasil, mimics the disease and creates resistance that is not a live or a dead virus or portion of it. There are three shots. Once you get the first shot, you need a second shot two months later. You need to get a third shot six months after you get the first shot. The virus-like particles in the HPV vaccine, like the real human papillomavirus, have the same outer L1 protein coat, but they have no genetic material inside. This structure enables the vaccine to induce a strong protective immune response. The vaccination protects a person from future infection by the HPV high-risk types that can lead to cancer. It is not a vaccine against cancer itself. A person receives a series of three shots over a 6-month period. Health professionals inject these virus-like particles into muscle tissue. Once inside, these particles trigger a strong immune response, so the vaccinated person's body makes and stockpiles antibodies that can recognize and attack the L1 protein on the surface of HPV viruses. After the vaccination, the person's immune cells are prepared to fight off future infection by high-risk HPV viruses targeted by the vaccine. If an exposure occurs, the vaccinated person's antibodies against the L1 protein coat the virus and prevent it from releasing its genetic material.

http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/risk/HPV-vaccine